Kitchen Measurements

Kitchen Measurements

Recipe Abbreviations

tsp. teaspoonful
TBSP. tablespoonful
c. cup
pt. pint
qt. quart
bu. bushel
oz. ounce or ounces
lb. pound or pounds
sq. square
min. minute or minutes
hr. hour or hours
mod. moderate
doz. dozen
E.P. edible portion
A.S. as purchased

Basic Liquid Equivalents

Dash less than 12 teaspoon
3 teaspoons 1 Tablespoon
4 Tablespoons 14 cup
513 Tablespoons 13 cup
8 Tablespoons 12 cup
1023 Tablespoons 23 cup
12 Tablespoons 34 cup
14 Tablespoons 78 cup
16 Tablespoons 1 cup
1 cup 12 pint (8 fl. ounces)
2 cups 1 pint (16 fl. ounces)
2 pints 1 qt. (32 fl. ounces)
4 qt. 1 gallon (128 fl. oz.)
16 oz. 1 pound (dry weight)

Oven Temperatures

Slow 250-300°F
Slow-Moderate 325°F
Moderate 350-375°F
Moderate-Hot 400°F
Hot 425-450°F
Very Hot 475-500°F

Boiling Temperatures of Water at Various Altitudes

Altitude Boiling Point
Sea Level 212.0°F, 100.0°C
2,000 Ft. 208.4°F, 98.4°C
5,000 Ft. 203.0°F, 95.0°C
7,500 Ft. 198.4°F, 92.4°C

Approximate Substitutions

Ingredient Quantity Substitute
Flour 1 TBSP. 12 TBSP. cornstarch or arrowroot starch
Cake Flour 1 cup 78 cup all-purpose hard wheat flour
Corn Syrup 1 cup 1 cup sugar plus 14 cup liquid when used to replace one half sugar in recipe
Honey 1 cup 114 cups sugar plus 14 cup liquid
Chocolate 1 sq. (1 oz.) 3 TBSP. cocoa plus 1 TBSP. fat
Butter 1 cup 78 - 1 cup hydrogenated fat plus 12 tsp. salt
Margarine 1 cup 13 cup butter plus approx. 34 cup milk
Coffee Cream (20%) 1 cup 1 cup reconstituted N.F. dry milk plus 2 tsp. margarine
Heavy Cream (40%) 1 quart 34 cup powdered milk plus 334 cups water
Whole Milk 1 quart 12 cups milk crystals plus 334 cups water
Sour Milk or Butter Milk 1 cup 1 TBSP. vinegar or lemon juice plus sweet milk to make 1 cup. Let stand 5 minutes
Baking Powder 1 tsp 14 tsp. baking soda plus 12 cup fully soured milk or buttermilk
14 tsp. baking soda plus 12 TBSP. vinegar or lemon juice in  12 cup sweet milk
14 tsp. baking soda plus 14 to 12 cup molasses